Future Indicative
The future indicative is the tense that expresses:
• Actions that are yet to happen [Predictive Future]: “This Jesus will come.”
• Promises: “God will comfort those who mourn.”
• Commands [Imperatival Future]: “You shall worship the Lord your God.”
Morphologically, the future resembles the present with the addition of the tense suffix:
• Active Future: stem + σ + active present personal endings.
• Middle Future: stem + σ + middle/passive present personal endings.
• Passive Future: stem + θησ + middle/passive present personal endings.
Future Indicative: Active, Middle, and Passive Voices
| Person | Active Voice | Middle Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | λύσω (I will loose) | λύσομαι | λυθήσομαι (I will be loosed) |
| 2nd sg | λύσεις | λύσῃ | λυθήσῃ |
| 3rd sg | λύσει | λύσεται | λυθήσεται |
| 1st pl | λύσομεν | λυσόμεθα | λυθησόμεθα |
| 2nd pl | λύσετε | λύσεσθε | λυθήσεσθε |
| 3rd pl | λύσουσι(ν) | λύσονται | λυθήσονται |
The same consonant combination rules with sigma apply:
• Gutturals (κ, γ, χ) + σ = ξ: διώκω → διώξω | ἀνοίγω → ἀνοίξω.
• Labials (π, β, φ) + σ = ψ: λάμπω → λάμψω | γράφω → γράψω.
• Dentals (δ, τ, θ) + σ = σ: πείθω → πείσω.
• Liquids (λ, μ, ν, ρ): remain without sigma and receive a circumflex accent just like contract verbs: μένω → μενῶ, μενεῖς, μενεῖ, μενοῦμεν, μενεῖτε, μενοῦσιν.
Irregular Forms and Deponent Future
• ἔρχομαι (I go/come) → Future: ἐλεύσομαι.
• ἐσθίω (I eat) → Future: φάγομαι.
• Active verbs in the present but deponent in the future: λαμβάνω → λήμψομαι (I will receive); πίνω → πίομαι (I will drink); φεύγω → φεύξομαι (I will flee).
Future Indicative of the Verb εἰμί
| Person | Greek | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | ἔσομαι | I will be |
| 2nd sg | ἔσῃ | you will be |
| 3rd sg | ἔσται | he/she/it will be |
| 1st pl | ἐσόμεθα | we will be |
| 2nd pl | ἔσεσθε | you will be |
| 3rd pl | ἔσονται | they will be |
Vocabulary
Vocabulário do Capítulo
- ἀνίστημι: I raise, I rise (from the dead)
- ἀποθνήσκω: I die [Aorist 2: ἀπέθανον]
- ἐξέρχομαι: I go out
- καλέω: I call, I invite
- κρίνω: I judge
- μένω: I remain, I abide
- οἶδα: I know
- παρακαλέω: I urge, I exhort, I comfort
- δύναμις (δυνάμεως), ἡ: power; [plural:] miracles
- εἰρήνη (εἰρήνης), ἡ: peace
- ἐκκλησία (ἐκκλησίας), ἡ: church, assembly
- προφήτης (προφήτου), ὁ: prophet
- πνεῦμα (πνεύματος), τό: spirit, Spirit
- σάρξ (σαρκός), ἡ: flesh
- σῶμα (σώματος), τό: body
- σωτήρ (σωτῆρος), ὁ: savior
- ὑπέρ: [with genitive] on behalf of, for; [with accusative] above
ὁ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται
(The righteous will live by faith — Galatians 3.11)