Verbs Ending in -μι (δίδωμι and ἵστημι)
In addition to verbs ending in -ω (such as λύω), Greek has a second conjugation characterized by the ending -μι in the 1st person singular of the present active indicative. The most frequent ones in the New Testament (and their compounds) are: δίδωμι (I give — root δο-), τίθημι (I place — root θε-), ἵστημι (I set up / I stand — root στα-), and ἀφίημι (I forgive, I leave).
1. Reduplication in the Present and Imperfect with the iota vowel (ι): δί-δω-μι, τί-θη-μι, ἵ-στη-μι. (In the Perfect, reduplication uses epsilon: δέ-δω-κα, τέ-θει-κα, ἕ-στη-κα).
2. Active Aorist with -κα: In δίδωμι, τίθημι, and ἀφίημι, the Active Aorist Indicative uses the consonant κ instead of σ: ἔδωκα, ἔθηκα, ἀφῆκα (without reduplication, using only the augment).
1. Essential Paradigm of δίδωμι (To give)
| Person | Pres. Act. Ind. | Aor. Act. Ind. | Aor. Pass. Ind. | Pres. Act. Subj. | Aor. Act. Subj. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | δίδωμι | ἔδωκα | ἐδόθην | διδῶ | δῶ |
| 2nd sg | δίδως | ἔδωκας | ἐδόθης | διδῷς | δῷς |
| 3rd sg | δίδωσι(ν) | ἔδωκε(ν) | ἐδόθη | διδῷ | δῷ |
| 1st pl | δίδομεν | ἐδώκαμεν | ἐδόθημεν | διδῶμεν | δῶμεν |
| 2nd pl | δίδοτε | ἐδώκατε | ἐδόθητε | διδῶτε | δῶτε |
| 3rd pl | διδόασι(ν) | ἔδωκαν | ἐδόθησαν | διδῶσι(ν) | δῶσι(ν) |
Other fundamental forms of δίδωμι in the NT:
• Future Act. Ind.: δώσω, δώσεις, δώσει, δώσομεν, δώσετε, δώσουσιν.
• Perfect Act. Ind.: δέδωκα, δέδωκας, δέδωκεν... (Passive: δέδομαι, δέδοσαι, δέδοται...).
• Active Aorist Imperative: 2nd sg δός, 3rd sg δότω, 2nd pl δότε, 3rd pl δότωσαν.
• Infinitive: Present Active διδόναι | Active Aorist δοῦναι | Passive Aorist δοθῆναι.
• Participle (Nom. Masc./Fem./Neut. Sg.): Present Active διδούς, διδοῦσα, διδόν | Active Aorist δούς, δοῦσα, δόν | Passive Aorist δοθείς, δοθεῖσα, δοθέν.
2. Essential Paradigm of ἵστημι (To set up / To stand)
| Person | Pres. Act. Ind. | Aor. 1 Act. (Trans.) | Aor. 2 Act. (Intrans.) | Perf. Act. Ind. | Aor. Act. Subj. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | ἵστημι | ἔστησα (I placed) | ἔστην (I stood) | ἕστηκα (I am standing) | στῶ |
| 2nd sg | ἵστης | ἔστησας | ἔστης | ἕστηκας | στῇς |
| 3rd sg | ἵστησι(ν) | ἔστησε(ν) | ἔστη | ἕστηκε(ν) | στῇ |
| 1st pl | ἵσταμεν | ἐστήσαμεν | ἔστημεν | ἑστήκαμεν | στῶμεν |
| 2nd pl | ἵστατε | ἐστήσατε | ἔστητε | ἑστήκατε | στῆτε |
| 3rd pl | ἱστᾶσι(ν) | ἔστησαν | ἔστησαν | ἑστήκασι(ν) | στῶσι(ν) |
Other fundamental forms of ἵστημι in the NT:
• Aorist 2 Active Imperative: 2nd sg στῆθι, 3rd sg στήτω, 2nd pl στῆτε (e.g., ἀνάστηθι = arise!).
• Infinitive: Present Active ἱστάναι | Aorist 1 στῆσαι | Aorist 2 στῆναι | Perfect ἑστάναι.
• Participle (Nom. Masc./Fem./Neut. Sg.): Present Active ἱστάς, ἱστᾶσα, ἱστάν | Aorist 2 Active στάς, στᾶσα, στάν (e.g., ἀναστάς = having arisen) | Perfect Active ἑστώς, ἑστῶσα, ἑστός (or ἑστηκώς).
Super-Deck: Appendix 2 (Most Frequent NT Vocabulary)
Vocabulário do Capítulo
- δίδωμι: I give (Fut: δώσω, Aor: ἔδωκα, Perf: δέδωκα)
- τίθημι: I put, I place (Fut: θήσω, Aor: ἔθηκα)
- ἵστημι: I set up; I stand (Aor: ἔστησα / ἔστην)
- ἀφίημι: I forgive, I let go (Aor: ἀφῆκα)
- παραδίδωμι: I deliver, I hand over, I transmit
- ἀποδίδωμι: I give back, I repay, I pay
- παρίστημι: I present; I am present
- δείκνυμι: I show, I demonstrate